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Santa Cruz Biotechnology ctip
Ctip, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 91 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/ctip/CtIP+Antibody/pmc12917874-60-55-57
Average 93 stars, based on 91 article reviews
ctip - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
93/100 stars

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Related Articles

Western Blot:

Article Title: SIRT2 Mitigates Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis by Promoting Homologous Recombination-Mediated DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Epithelial Stem Cells
Article Snippet: Fluorescence images were visualized and captured using Zeiss LSM 800 confocal microscope and analyzed via ImageJ. .. The following antibodies were used: SIRT2 (15345-1-AP, Proteintech; 1/4000 for WB, 1/1000 for IHC and 2ug/mg lysate for IP), acetyl-tubulin (66200-1-Ig, Proteintech, 1/2000 for WB and 1/1000 for IHC), P63 (sc-25268, Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, 1/500 for IHC), GAPDH (60004-1-Ig, Proteintech, 1/10000 for WB), Rad51 (ab133534, Abcam, 1/500 for IHC), p-H2AX (ab11174, Abcam, 1/1000 for IHC), CtIP (sc-271339, Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, 1/500 for WB and 5ug/mg lysate for IP), SIRT1 (8469, CST, 1/500 for IHC), IL-6 (AMC0862, Invitrogen, 1/500 for IHC), TNF-α(554640, BD Biosciences, 1/200 for IHC), and NRF2 (PA5-27882, Invitrogen, 1/400 for IHC). .. The secondary antibodies used were: AF-488 Goat anti-Mouse IgG (A-1100, Invitrogen, 1/2000 for IF), AF-594 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (A-11012, Ivitrogen, 1/2000 for IF), HRP-Anti-mouse IgG (7076, Cell Signaling Technology, 1/5000 for WB), HRP-Anti-rabbit IgG (7074, Cell Signaling Technology; 1/5000 for WB), and IHC staining kit (ab64264, Abcam).

Article Title: SNF2L suppresses nascent DNA gap formation to promote DNA synthesis
Article Snippet: To obtain whole-cell lysates, cell pellets were incubated on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–Cl pH = 7.4, 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM aprotinin, 1 mM leupeptin, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with Pierce universal nuclease and 1 mM MgCl 2 . .. After centrifugation for 30 min, supernatant was isolated and quantified prior to immunoblotting with the following antibodies: SMARCA1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Tech, 9450), SMARCA5 (1:500, Novus Bio, NB100-55301), RECQ1 (1:500, Abcam, ab172607), MUS81 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-53382), CtIP (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-271339), BPTF (1:500, Millipore Sigma, ABE24), PCNA (1:200, Santa Cruz, sc-56), MRE11 (1:500, Cell Signaling Tech, 4895S), DNA2 (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA5-77943), SMARCAL1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-376377), ZRANB3 (1:500, Bethyl, A303-033A), HLTF (1:1000, Abcam, ab183042), CCDC111/PRIMPOL (1:1000, Proteintech, 28924–1-AP), EXO1 (1:500, Bethyl, A302-640A), Phospho CHK1 (S317) (1:200, Bethyl, A304-673A), CHK1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-8408), RPA32 (S33) (1:200, Bethyl, A300-246A), RPA32 (1:1000, Abcam, ab2175), KU70 (1:1000, Abcam, ab92450), 800CW anti-Rabbit (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32213) and 800CW anti-Mouse (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32212). .. To obtain whole-cell lysates, cell pellets were incubated on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–Cl pH = 7.4, 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM aprotinin, 1 mM leupeptin, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with Pierce universal nuclease and 1 mM MgCl 2 .

Article Title: SNF2L suppresses nascent DNA gap formation to promote DNA synthesis.
Article Snippet: Whole cell lysate extraction and immunoblotting To obtain whole-cell lysates, cell pellets were incubated on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–Cl pH = 7.4, 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM aprotinin, 1 mM leupeptin, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with Pierce universal nuclease and 1 mM MgCl 2 . .. After centrifugation for 30 min, supernatant was isolated and quantified prior to immunoblotting with the following antibodies: SMARCA1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Tech, 9450), SMARCA5 (1:500, Novus Bio, NB100-55301), RECQ1 (1:500, Abcam, ab172607), MUS81 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-53382), CtIP (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-271339), BPTF (1:500, Millipore Sigma, ABE24), PCNA (1:200, Santa Cruz, sc-56), MRE11 (1:500, Cell Signaling Tech, 4895S), DNA2 (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA5-77943), SMARCAL1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-376377), ZRANB3 (1:500, Bethyl, A303-033A), HLTF (1:1000, Abcam, ab183042), CCDC111 / PRIMPOL (1:1000, Proteintech, 28924–1-AP), EXO1 (1:500, Bethyl, A302-640A), Phospho CHK1 (S317) (1:200, Bethyl, A304-673A), CHK1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc8408), RPA32 (S33) (1:200, Bethyl, A300-246A), RPA32 (1:1000, Abcam, ab2175), KU70 (1:1000, Abcam, ab92450), 800CW anti-Rabbit (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32213) and 800CW anti-Mouse (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32212). ..

Article Title: SIRT2 Mitigates Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis by Promoting Homologous Recombination-Mediated DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Epithelial Stem Cells.
Article Snippet: Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is a common and debilitating toxicity of radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), often compromising treatment adherence and profoundly impairing patient quality of life.. Despite its significant clinical impact, there are currently no safe and well-tolerated FDA-approved therapies to prevent or treat RIOM.. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood but are thought to involve inflammatory responses triggered by oxidative stress and DNA damage from ionizing radiation (IR).

Immunohistochemistry:

Article Title: SIRT2 Mitigates Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis by Promoting Homologous Recombination-Mediated DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Epithelial Stem Cells
Article Snippet: Fluorescence images were visualized and captured using Zeiss LSM 800 confocal microscope and analyzed via ImageJ. .. The following antibodies were used: SIRT2 (15345-1-AP, Proteintech; 1/4000 for WB, 1/1000 for IHC and 2ug/mg lysate for IP), acetyl-tubulin (66200-1-Ig, Proteintech, 1/2000 for WB and 1/1000 for IHC), P63 (sc-25268, Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, 1/500 for IHC), GAPDH (60004-1-Ig, Proteintech, 1/10000 for WB), Rad51 (ab133534, Abcam, 1/500 for IHC), p-H2AX (ab11174, Abcam, 1/1000 for IHC), CtIP (sc-271339, Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, 1/500 for WB and 5ug/mg lysate for IP), SIRT1 (8469, CST, 1/500 for IHC), IL-6 (AMC0862, Invitrogen, 1/500 for IHC), TNF-α(554640, BD Biosciences, 1/200 for IHC), and NRF2 (PA5-27882, Invitrogen, 1/400 for IHC). .. The secondary antibodies used were: AF-488 Goat anti-Mouse IgG (A-1100, Invitrogen, 1/2000 for IF), AF-594 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (A-11012, Ivitrogen, 1/2000 for IF), HRP-Anti-mouse IgG (7076, Cell Signaling Technology, 1/5000 for WB), HRP-Anti-rabbit IgG (7074, Cell Signaling Technology; 1/5000 for WB), and IHC staining kit (ab64264, Abcam).

Article Title: SIRT2 Mitigates Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis by Promoting Homologous Recombination-Mediated DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Epithelial Stem Cells.
Article Snippet: Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is a common and debilitating toxicity of radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), often compromising treatment adherence and profoundly impairing patient quality of life.. Despite its significant clinical impact, there are currently no safe and well-tolerated FDA-approved therapies to prevent or treat RIOM.. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood but are thought to involve inflammatory responses triggered by oxidative stress and DNA damage from ionizing radiation (IR).

Centrifugation:

Article Title: SNF2L suppresses nascent DNA gap formation to promote DNA synthesis
Article Snippet: To obtain whole-cell lysates, cell pellets were incubated on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–Cl pH = 7.4, 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM aprotinin, 1 mM leupeptin, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with Pierce universal nuclease and 1 mM MgCl 2 . .. After centrifugation for 30 min, supernatant was isolated and quantified prior to immunoblotting with the following antibodies: SMARCA1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Tech, 9450), SMARCA5 (1:500, Novus Bio, NB100-55301), RECQ1 (1:500, Abcam, ab172607), MUS81 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-53382), CtIP (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-271339), BPTF (1:500, Millipore Sigma, ABE24), PCNA (1:200, Santa Cruz, sc-56), MRE11 (1:500, Cell Signaling Tech, 4895S), DNA2 (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA5-77943), SMARCAL1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-376377), ZRANB3 (1:500, Bethyl, A303-033A), HLTF (1:1000, Abcam, ab183042), CCDC111/PRIMPOL (1:1000, Proteintech, 28924–1-AP), EXO1 (1:500, Bethyl, A302-640A), Phospho CHK1 (S317) (1:200, Bethyl, A304-673A), CHK1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-8408), RPA32 (S33) (1:200, Bethyl, A300-246A), RPA32 (1:1000, Abcam, ab2175), KU70 (1:1000, Abcam, ab92450), 800CW anti-Rabbit (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32213) and 800CW anti-Mouse (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32212). .. To obtain whole-cell lysates, cell pellets were incubated on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–Cl pH = 7.4, 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM aprotinin, 1 mM leupeptin, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with Pierce universal nuclease and 1 mM MgCl 2 .

Article Title: SNF2L suppresses nascent DNA gap formation to promote DNA synthesis.
Article Snippet: Whole cell lysate extraction and immunoblotting To obtain whole-cell lysates, cell pellets were incubated on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–Cl pH = 7.4, 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM aprotinin, 1 mM leupeptin, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with Pierce universal nuclease and 1 mM MgCl 2 . .. After centrifugation for 30 min, supernatant was isolated and quantified prior to immunoblotting with the following antibodies: SMARCA1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Tech, 9450), SMARCA5 (1:500, Novus Bio, NB100-55301), RECQ1 (1:500, Abcam, ab172607), MUS81 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-53382), CtIP (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-271339), BPTF (1:500, Millipore Sigma, ABE24), PCNA (1:200, Santa Cruz, sc-56), MRE11 (1:500, Cell Signaling Tech, 4895S), DNA2 (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA5-77943), SMARCAL1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-376377), ZRANB3 (1:500, Bethyl, A303-033A), HLTF (1:1000, Abcam, ab183042), CCDC111 / PRIMPOL (1:1000, Proteintech, 28924–1-AP), EXO1 (1:500, Bethyl, A302-640A), Phospho CHK1 (S317) (1:200, Bethyl, A304-673A), CHK1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc8408), RPA32 (S33) (1:200, Bethyl, A300-246A), RPA32 (1:1000, Abcam, ab2175), KU70 (1:1000, Abcam, ab92450), 800CW anti-Rabbit (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32213) and 800CW anti-Mouse (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32212). ..

Isolation:

Article Title: SNF2L suppresses nascent DNA gap formation to promote DNA synthesis
Article Snippet: To obtain whole-cell lysates, cell pellets were incubated on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–Cl pH = 7.4, 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM aprotinin, 1 mM leupeptin, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with Pierce universal nuclease and 1 mM MgCl 2 . .. After centrifugation for 30 min, supernatant was isolated and quantified prior to immunoblotting with the following antibodies: SMARCA1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Tech, 9450), SMARCA5 (1:500, Novus Bio, NB100-55301), RECQ1 (1:500, Abcam, ab172607), MUS81 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-53382), CtIP (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-271339), BPTF (1:500, Millipore Sigma, ABE24), PCNA (1:200, Santa Cruz, sc-56), MRE11 (1:500, Cell Signaling Tech, 4895S), DNA2 (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA5-77943), SMARCAL1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-376377), ZRANB3 (1:500, Bethyl, A303-033A), HLTF (1:1000, Abcam, ab183042), CCDC111/PRIMPOL (1:1000, Proteintech, 28924–1-AP), EXO1 (1:500, Bethyl, A302-640A), Phospho CHK1 (S317) (1:200, Bethyl, A304-673A), CHK1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-8408), RPA32 (S33) (1:200, Bethyl, A300-246A), RPA32 (1:1000, Abcam, ab2175), KU70 (1:1000, Abcam, ab92450), 800CW anti-Rabbit (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32213) and 800CW anti-Mouse (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32212). .. To obtain whole-cell lysates, cell pellets were incubated on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–Cl pH = 7.4, 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM aprotinin, 1 mM leupeptin, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with Pierce universal nuclease and 1 mM MgCl 2 .

Article Title: SNF2L suppresses nascent DNA gap formation to promote DNA synthesis.
Article Snippet: Whole cell lysate extraction and immunoblotting To obtain whole-cell lysates, cell pellets were incubated on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris–Cl pH = 7.4, 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM aprotinin, 1 mM leupeptin, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) supplemented with Pierce universal nuclease and 1 mM MgCl 2 . .. After centrifugation for 30 min, supernatant was isolated and quantified prior to immunoblotting with the following antibodies: SMARCA1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Tech, 9450), SMARCA5 (1:500, Novus Bio, NB100-55301), RECQ1 (1:500, Abcam, ab172607), MUS81 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-53382), CtIP (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-271339), BPTF (1:500, Millipore Sigma, ABE24), PCNA (1:200, Santa Cruz, sc-56), MRE11 (1:500, Cell Signaling Tech, 4895S), DNA2 (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA5-77943), SMARCAL1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-376377), ZRANB3 (1:500, Bethyl, A303-033A), HLTF (1:1000, Abcam, ab183042), CCDC111 / PRIMPOL (1:1000, Proteintech, 28924–1-AP), EXO1 (1:500, Bethyl, A302-640A), Phospho CHK1 (S317) (1:200, Bethyl, A304-673A), CHK1 (1:500, Santa Cruz, sc8408), RPA32 (S33) (1:200, Bethyl, A300-246A), RPA32 (1:1000, Abcam, ab2175), KU70 (1:1000, Abcam, ab92450), 800CW anti-Rabbit (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32213) and 800CW anti-Mouse (1:20 000, LI-COR, 926-32212). ..

Immunofluorescence:

Article Title: HDAC4 influences the DNA damage response and counteracts senescence by assembling with HDAC1/HDAC2 to control H2BK120 acetylation and homology-directed repair.
Article Snippet: .. TP53BP1 (#4937, Thermo Fisher Scientific), CtIP (F2, sc-28324 Santa Cruz Biotechnology), LMNB1 (ab16048, Abcam), LMNA (E-1, sc-376248 Santa Cruz Biotechnology) antibodies were used in immunofluorescence. .. Cells were imaged with a confocal microscope Leica AOBS SP8 or with Leica AF6000 LX.

Article Title: HDAC4 influences the DNA damage response and counteracts senescence by assembling with HDAC1/HDAC2 to control H2BK120 acetylation and homology-directed repair
Article Snippet: .. TP53BP1 (#4937, Thermo Fisher Scientific), CtIP (F-2, sc-28324 Santa Cruz Biotechnology), LMNB1 (ab16048, Abcam), LMNA (E-1, sc-376248 Santa Cruz Biotechnology) antibodies were used in immunofluorescence. .. Cells were imaged with a confocal microscope Leica AOBS SP8 or with Leica AF6000 LX.



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MMEJ induced by Cas9 and Cas9n exhibits distinct genetic dependence. ( A-C ) MMEJ was assayed in U2OS (EGFP-MMEJ) cells expressing shRNAs for Polθ ( A ), LIG3 ( A ), RPA2 ( B <t>),</t> <t>MRE11</t> ( C ) or <t>CtIP</t> ( C ) after g2/Cas9 WT or g2/Cas9 D10A cleavage. ( D ) MMEJ was assayed in WT or POLQ -KO mES (EGFP-MMEJ) cells four days after transfection of plasmids encoding g2/Cas9 WT or g2/Cas9 D10A . ( E ) mES (EGFP-MMEJ) cells with POLQ WT allele or knock-in (KI) alleles containing mutations of K120G or D2494P/E2495R were assayed for MMEJ after g2/Cas9 WT or g2/Cas9 D10A cleavage. ( F ) In vitro biochemical assay showing Polθ-HelD activity in unwinding dsDNA to facilitate strand exchange with ssDNA carrying 15 bp homology. 32 P-5’-labeled ssDNA was mixed with the indicated dsDNA substrate and incubated with Polθ-HelD, ATP and/or RPA, and the reaction products were resolved on a non-denaturing gel. ( G ) In vitro biochemical assay showing strand displacement DNA synthesis by Polθ-HelD and Polθ-PolD. 32 P-5’-labeled ssDNA was mixed with the indicated dsDNA substrates and incubated with Polθ-HelD, ATP and/or RPA, followed by DNA extension with Polθ-PolD with 0.1 mM dNTPs, and the reaction products were resolved on a denaturing gel.
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MMEJ induced by Cas9 and Cas9n exhibits distinct genetic dependence. ( A-C ) MMEJ was assayed in U2OS (EGFP-MMEJ) cells expressing shRNAs for Polθ ( A ), LIG3 ( A ), RPA2 ( B ), MRE11 ( C ) or CtIP ( C ) after g2/Cas9 WT or g2/Cas9 D10A cleavage. ( D ) MMEJ was assayed in WT or POLQ -KO mES (EGFP-MMEJ) cells four days after transfection of plasmids encoding g2/Cas9 WT or g2/Cas9 D10A . ( E ) mES (EGFP-MMEJ) cells with POLQ WT allele or knock-in (KI) alleles containing mutations of K120G or D2494P/E2495R were assayed for MMEJ after g2/Cas9 WT or g2/Cas9 D10A cleavage. ( F ) In vitro biochemical assay showing Polθ-HelD activity in unwinding dsDNA to facilitate strand exchange with ssDNA carrying 15 bp homology. 32 P-5’-labeled ssDNA was mixed with the indicated dsDNA substrate and incubated with Polθ-HelD, ATP and/or RPA, and the reaction products were resolved on a non-denaturing gel. ( G ) In vitro biochemical assay showing strand displacement DNA synthesis by Polθ-HelD and Polθ-PolD. 32 P-5’-labeled ssDNA was mixed with the indicated dsDNA substrates and incubated with Polθ-HelD, ATP and/or RPA, followed by DNA extension with Polθ-PolD with 0.1 mM dNTPs, and the reaction products were resolved on a denaturing gel.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microhomology-mediated end joining acts directly on replication forks to repair single-ended double strand breaks

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.15.699632

Figure Lengend Snippet: MMEJ induced by Cas9 and Cas9n exhibits distinct genetic dependence. ( A-C ) MMEJ was assayed in U2OS (EGFP-MMEJ) cells expressing shRNAs for Polθ ( A ), LIG3 ( A ), RPA2 ( B ), MRE11 ( C ) or CtIP ( C ) after g2/Cas9 WT or g2/Cas9 D10A cleavage. ( D ) MMEJ was assayed in WT or POLQ -KO mES (EGFP-MMEJ) cells four days after transfection of plasmids encoding g2/Cas9 WT or g2/Cas9 D10A . ( E ) mES (EGFP-MMEJ) cells with POLQ WT allele or knock-in (KI) alleles containing mutations of K120G or D2494P/E2495R were assayed for MMEJ after g2/Cas9 WT or g2/Cas9 D10A cleavage. ( F ) In vitro biochemical assay showing Polθ-HelD activity in unwinding dsDNA to facilitate strand exchange with ssDNA carrying 15 bp homology. 32 P-5’-labeled ssDNA was mixed with the indicated dsDNA substrate and incubated with Polθ-HelD, ATP and/or RPA, and the reaction products were resolved on a non-denaturing gel. ( G ) In vitro biochemical assay showing strand displacement DNA synthesis by Polθ-HelD and Polθ-PolD. 32 P-5’-labeled ssDNA was mixed with the indicated dsDNA substrates and incubated with Polθ-HelD, ATP and/or RPA, followed by DNA extension with Polθ-PolD with 0.1 mM dNTPs, and the reaction products were resolved on a denaturing gel.

Article Snippet: Antibodies used in immunoblotting are: MRE11 (Cell Signaling Technology, 4895), CtIP (Proteintech, 12624-1-AP), RPA1 (Sigma-Aldrich, NA13), RPA2 (Bethyl, A300-244A), PCNA (Cell Signaling Technology, 13110), MCM2 (Proteintech, 10513-1-AP), DNA2 (Proteintech, 18727-1-AP), KU70 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-17789), HA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-7392), Flag (Sigma-Aldrich, F1804), BLM (Bethyl, A300-110A), EXO1 (Bethyl, A302-640A), ATR (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-515173), BRCA1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-6954), RAD51 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-398587), LIG3 (Proteintech, 26583-1-AP), γH2AX (Upstate, 07-164), Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, 115-035-146), and Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, 111-035-144).

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Knock-In, In Vitro, Activity Assay, Labeling, Incubation, DNA Synthesis

Fork-MMEJ functions together with BIR to repair seDSBs on broken forks. ( A ) Schematic drawings of the EGFP-MMEJ/mCherry-BIR reporter and the repair products by cMMEJ and BIR after Cas9 WT cleavage. The gRNA2 cleavage site is indicated. ( B ) MMEJ or BIR was scored in U2OS (EGFP-MMEJ/mCherry-BIR) cells by FACS to determine EGFP or mCherry positive cells after cleavage by gRNA2 with Cas9 WT and Cas9 D10A . ( C ) Time course experiments were performed in U2OS (EGFP-MMEJ/mCherry-BIR) cells to analyze MMEJ and BIR after cleavage by gRNA2 with Cas9 WT and Cas9 D10A . ( D - F ) MMEJ and BIR was assayed in U2OS (EGFP-MMEJ/mCherry-BIR) cells expressing shRNAs for CtIP ( D ), MRE11 ( D ), PIF1( E ) or Polθ ( F ) after expressing gRNA2 with Cas9 and Cas9n.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microhomology-mediated end joining acts directly on replication forks to repair single-ended double strand breaks

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.15.699632

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fork-MMEJ functions together with BIR to repair seDSBs on broken forks. ( A ) Schematic drawings of the EGFP-MMEJ/mCherry-BIR reporter and the repair products by cMMEJ and BIR after Cas9 WT cleavage. The gRNA2 cleavage site is indicated. ( B ) MMEJ or BIR was scored in U2OS (EGFP-MMEJ/mCherry-BIR) cells by FACS to determine EGFP or mCherry positive cells after cleavage by gRNA2 with Cas9 WT and Cas9 D10A . ( C ) Time course experiments were performed in U2OS (EGFP-MMEJ/mCherry-BIR) cells to analyze MMEJ and BIR after cleavage by gRNA2 with Cas9 WT and Cas9 D10A . ( D - F ) MMEJ and BIR was assayed in U2OS (EGFP-MMEJ/mCherry-BIR) cells expressing shRNAs for CtIP ( D ), MRE11 ( D ), PIF1( E ) or Polθ ( F ) after expressing gRNA2 with Cas9 and Cas9n.

Article Snippet: Antibodies used in immunoblotting are: MRE11 (Cell Signaling Technology, 4895), CtIP (Proteintech, 12624-1-AP), RPA1 (Sigma-Aldrich, NA13), RPA2 (Bethyl, A300-244A), PCNA (Cell Signaling Technology, 13110), MCM2 (Proteintech, 10513-1-AP), DNA2 (Proteintech, 18727-1-AP), KU70 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-17789), HA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-7392), Flag (Sigma-Aldrich, F1804), BLM (Bethyl, A300-110A), EXO1 (Bethyl, A302-640A), ATR (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-515173), BRCA1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-6954), RAD51 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-398587), LIG3 (Proteintech, 26583-1-AP), γH2AX (Upstate, 07-164), Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, 115-035-146), and Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, 111-035-144).

Techniques: Expressing